Part Function
Stator The fixed part of the motor provides the magnetic field. It usually contains windings or permanent magnets.
Rotor The rotating part of the motor is on the output shaft. It carries the windings that interact with the magnetic field to create motion.
Switch The commutator is a rotary switch that changes the direction of current in the rotor windings. The motor can thus maintain continuous rotation. It consists of split rings that maintain electrical contact with the rotor via brushes.
Brushes Conductive materials (usually carbon or graphite) that provide electrical contact between the stationary and rotating parts of the motor. They press on the commutator to supply current to the rotor windings.
End bells Covers that protect the ends of the motor and house email dataset the bearings and brushes. They also support the rotor and commutator.
Landings Bearings support the rotor and allow it to spin smoothly inside the motor housing.
Excitation coils (for wound excitation motors) When current passes through them, the wire coils on the stator generate the magnetic field. Permanent magnets replace permanent magnet DC motors.
Types of DC Motors
Brushed DC motors
Brushed DC motors come in two forms. Series wound DC motors are those where the armature and field windings are connected in series and hence have a high starting torque. These motors are suitable for industries and businesses that require variable speed and high torque.
Shunt wound DC motors are brushed DC motors whose field windings are parallel to the armature. This arrangement ensures that the load does not influence the speed of the motor. This feature makes them suitable for applications where precise speed control is desirable.
Compound wound DC motors have series and shunt windings. These motors combine high starting torque with stable rotation speed. This is why compound wound motors are useful and suitable when loads fluctuate.
Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) Motors
BLDC motors can be classified into two categories, depending on the position of the rotor relative to the stator. In the external rotor type, the rotor surrounds the stator windings, giving it greater rotational inertia and making it an ideal motor for applications requiring smooth and stable movements. This configuration is useful in many devices and machines, especially where high efficiency and reliability are required, such as in the case of computer hard drives and cooling fans.