There are a variety of ways to wrap data inside additional layers of information to control how it is routed, but delivering a real-time experience has some very specific requirements. For example, if you were sending an executable file across the internet, the speed with which it arrives and is reassembled is france telegram unimportant but you cannot lose any data, so there is constant error checking and often requests for packets to be resent. (File Transfer Protocol was developed to do that). In contrast, when sending a conversation, it’s better to drop a missing packet than to delay the delivery of the reassembled audio. If both audio and video are being streamed, there must be additional safeguards to keep them tightly synchronised.
In practice, communication protocols such as RTP are usually wrapped inside numerous other protocols – each controlling different aspects of the addressing, switching and data protection (including encryption) required en route. Common examples include IP (internet protocol), UDP (user datagram protocol), and RTCP (real time control protocol). All of these are commonly used when voice termination providers, such as IDT, connect your telephone call, video call or fax message across the internet.
In combination, these protocols even monitor the traffic conditions on the network they are crossing, adapting to signal delays and packet errors to prevent any “jitter” or “echo” degrading the quality of your VoIP conversation or video conference. We’ve come a long way since the 1880s!